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An experimental autonomous ship developed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Credit: John F. Williams/US Navy via Wikimedia Commons.

By Michael C. Horowitz, Lauren Kahn, January 12, 2021

An experimental autonomous ship developed by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Credit: John F. Williams/US Navy via Wikimedia Commons.

References

Chinese State Council. 2017. China’s New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Development Plan, Translated by, F. Sapio, W. Chen, and L. Adrian. Foundation for Law & International Affairs. https://flia.org/notice-state-council-issuing-new-generation-artificial-intelligence-development-plan/

Ciocca, J., and L. Kahn. 2020. “When AI Is in Control, Who’s to Blame for Military Accidents?” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. October 1. https://thebulletin.org/2020/10/when-ai-is-in-control-whos-to-blame-for-military-accidents/

(DOD) US Department of Defense. 2019. About the JAIC. US Department of Defense. https://www.ai.mil/about.html

Freedberg, S. J., Jr. 2019. “No AI For Nuclear Command & Control: JAIC’s Shanahan.” Breaking Defense, September 25. https://breakingdefense.com/2019/09/no-ai-for-nuclear-command-control-jaics-shanahan/

(G20) Group of 20. 2019. G20 Ministerial Statement on Trade and Digital Economy. Group of 20. https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/000486596.pdf

Hitchens, T. 2020. “Roper Pushes Moving Project Maven To Air Force.” Breaking Defense, June. 11. https://breakingdefense.com/2020/06/roper-pushes-moving-project-maven-to-air-force/

Horowitz, M., P. Scharre, and A. Velez-Green. 2019. “A Stable Nuclear Future? The Impact of Autonomous Systems and Artificial Intelligence.” arXiv.org. https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.05291

Mayfield, M. 2020. “Navy, Industry Eager to Develop Bigger Robo-Ships.” National Defense, June 19. https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2020/6/19/navy-industry-eager-to-develop-bigger-robo-ships

(NSTC) National Science and Technology Council. 2020. Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity: Opportunities and Challenges Technical Workshop Summary Report. National Science and Technology Council.

(OECD) Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2019. OECD Principles on AI. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. https://www.oecd.org/going-digital/ai/principles/

US Government. 1972. Agreement Between the Government of The United States of America and the Government of The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Prevention of Incidents On and Over the High Seas. US Government. https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/isn/4791.htm

References

Chinese State Council. 2017. China’s New Generation of Artificial Intelligence Development Plan, Translated by, F. Sapio, W. Chen, and L. Adrian. Foundation for Law & International Affairs. https://flia.org/notice-state-council-issuing-new-generation-artificial-intelligence-development-plan/

Ciocca, J., and L. Kahn. 2020. “When AI Is in Control, Who’s to Blame for Military Accidents?” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. October 1. https://thebulletin.org/2020/10/when-ai-is-in-control-whos-to-blame-for-military-accidents/

(DOD) US Department of Defense. 2019. About the JAIC. US Department of Defense. https://www.ai.mil/about.html

Freedberg, S. J., Jr. 2019. “No AI For Nuclear Command & Control: JAIC’s Shanahan.” Breaking Defense, September 25. https://breakingdefense.com/2019/09/no-ai-for-nuclear-command-control-jaics-shanahan/

(G20) Group of 20. 2019. G20 Ministerial Statement on Trade and Digital Economy. Group of 20. https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/000486596.pdf

Hitchens, T. 2020. “Roper Pushes Moving Project Maven To Air Force.” Breaking Defense, June. 11. https://breakingdefense.com/2020/06/roper-pushes-moving-project-maven-to-air-force/

Horowitz, M., P. Scharre, and A. Velez-Green. 2019. “A Stable Nuclear Future? The Impact of Autonomous Systems and Artificial Intelligence.” arXiv.org. https://arxiv.org/abs/1912.05291

Mayfield, M. 2020. “Navy, Industry Eager to Develop Bigger Robo-Ships.” National Defense, June 19. https://www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/articles/2020/6/19/navy-industry-eager-to-develop-bigger-robo-ships

(NSTC) National Science and Technology Council. 2020. Artificial Intelligence and Cybersecurity: Opportunities and Challenges Technical Workshop Summary Report. National Science and Technology Council.

(OECD) Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. 2019. OECD Principles on AI. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. https://www.oecd.org/going-digital/ai/principles/

US Government. 1972. Agreement Between the Government of The United States of America and the Government of The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on the Prevention of Incidents On and Over the High Seas. US Government. https://2009-2017.state.gov/t/isn/4791.htm

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Keywords: AI, AI ethics, computer vision, confidence-building measures, drones, militaries, norms
Topics: Disruptive Technologies

Michael C. Horowitz is Richard Perry Professor and Director of Perry World House at the University of Pennsylvania... Read More

Lauren Kahn is Research Fellow at Perry World House at the University of Pennsylvania... Read More

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